Management in Society - Karl Marx Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The executives in Society - Karl Marx - Essay Example This no uncertainty expanded the gross residential yield of Great Britain, yet without any really successful administrative guideline and control and with mechanical creation under free venture economy simply starting to take a solid shape, the parcel of the laborers went from terrible to more awful. It was under these conditions that Karl Marx propounded his hypotheses of social misuse of work and monetary bad form. Marx presumed that private responsibility for of creation and voracious ravenousness of production line proprietors to win more benefit were the essential explanations behind this appalling state of laborers. He admonished the laborers to join together and coercively hold onto political force so all methods for creation can be expelled from private proprietorship and moved to the responsibility for in this way finishing undue abuse of laborers by the ravenous proprietors of production lines. Marx at this stage submitted two grave mistakes in the event that one may say as much. He didn't criticize entrepreneur methods for creation accordingly and conceded that this type of creation did without a doubt make surplus worth yet what was basically an issue of misdistribution of this excess worth was wrongly depicted by him as an inalienable blemish of the creation framework. He additionally neglected to fathom the essential truth that this overflow esteem was made by the creation framework as with the end goal that incorporated every one of the three elements of creation †land, work and capital. He, one may set out say, rather resolutely clutched his conviction that the excess worth was made by work alone and in this way the option to such overflow had a place just with work. In any case, the deceitful and avaricious business people usurped the whole overflow for themselves while paying the workers just slave-compensation that were only enough for them to endure. In this manner, he felt that the main route for improving the parcel of laborers is to topple f ree enterprise. Karl Marx imagined that cancelation of private property would

Understanding women's roles in romansque art Assignment

Understanding ladies' jobs in romansque craftsmanship - Assignment Example Of the entirety of the work of art that was created inside the Middle Ages, maybe one of the most unavoidable topics is the clique of the Virgin Mary. Inside this subject an untold reiteration of various artistic creations and models were delivered and imitated. One of the fascinating parts of these is the way that couple of craftsmen spoke to the Virgin Mary in a similar way. For example, the Duccio di Buoninsegna, around 1300, speaks to an astute and mindfully caring mother groveling over the kid she holds in her arms. Such a portrayal was obviously with regards to a Biblical understanding of the manner by which Christ’s mother interfaced with the Messiah just as fortifying leaving sexual orientation standards of thirteenth century Europe. The optimism that such pictures speak to can undoubtedly be seen at even a superficial assessment. For example, instead of portraying the Virgin Mary as a detached and blessed animal all by herself, the commitment and consideration the male youngster in her arms is the consistent string that interfaces these pictures/iconographies. From the portrayals that have been broke down, it tends to be definitivaely expressed that similar to the ongoing past, the job of the lady in the Middle Ages was concentric after thinking about and keeping an eye on the

What to Look For When Looking For Top Essay Writing Sites

What to Look For When Looking For Top Essay Writing SitesIf you are a student interested in writing an essay, you should consider using the top essay writing sites. You should be able to find a top site that can help you with your essay writing and be able to find a quality company that has been around for years. The reason why you want to find a top site is because they will be able to get you the results you want quickly and easily.What do you have to look for when you find the top essay writing sites? Most of the sites out there can give you some great advice on how to improve your writing. However, one of the things that you need to look for are the essays written by other people. You want to be able to see what people are writing and get ideas from their work.If you are writing a resume, essay, or book, you need to be able to see your own resume. The only way to do this is by seeing it written by other people. If you do not have access to these kinds of resources, you should loo k at ways to obtain them.Essays come in many different formats. You need to be able to use a format that best fits the needs of your essay. Many sites offer free formats for you to review, so you should look around.Do not just look at how easy it is to use the format. Make sure that the essay is formatted well so that it flows well and does not get confusing. Too many essays have problems with the topic and lack the needed information.Look for sites that offer the ability to create your own topic. This is an important part of the essay. If you are able to find a site that offers this feature, you will have a much easier time to find a good topic.The top sites will offer you templates that you can use to write the topics you need. It is always nice to be able to write your own topics. You want to be able to use topics that you are familiar with.Many of the top essay writing sites have a free version that you can use to help you write your topic. You should have a lot of ideas in your head before you go to get them on paper. You want to be able to use a topic that is easily found online.

Health Care Systems Are Different In Every Country Around

Health care systems are different in every country around the world. There are four main components that complete a health care delivery system, described by Shi and Singh (2015) as the quad-function model, which includes insurance, financing, payment and delivery of care (p. 5). Along with the components of the quad-function model it is important to analyze a countries access to care, their health outcomes and how public health is integrated into the health care delivery system. The United States has a unique health care system that is like no other country. Great Britian, in contrast, also has a unique system that is very different than the United States. In the United States, health care is perceived as more of a privilege than a†¦show more content†¦Findings from Squires and Blumenthal (2016) showed that only 8.9 percent of Americans are now uninsured, and since the Affordable Care Act went into effect in 2010 there are 20 million more Americans who now have health insur ance and access to affordable care. In contrast to the United States, Great Britain has a health care system that is focused on the delivery of health care as a human right. Because of this model health insurance is universal for all citizens allowing everyone to have access to care. According to Sick Around the World produced by Jon Palfreman (2008), Great Britain runs a system that allows their people to never receive medical bills. Instead, Great Britain has implemented a national health system where the government runs and regulates the delivery of health care (Shi Singh, 2013, p. 20). They have universal coverage where all citizens have access to health care under the national health system (Thorlby Arora, 2016, p. 49). People living in Great Britain can also choose to pay for their own private insurance but only a small number of people select to do so. In the United States, access to health care is largely determined by who has financing to receive insurance (Shi Singh, 20 13, p. 197) Financing for health care comes from many different entities. For most Americans who have health insurance through their employment, the employers pay a part of the insurance premium and employees pay the rest (Shi Singh, 2013, p.Show MoreRelatedThe World Happiness Report Is Not The Elusive State Of Emotional Happiness1541 Words   |  7 Pagesthat improves the lives of all people in their countries. The World Happiness Report is a research-based paper that has been published by the United Nations for the past 3 years. They gather information from surveys, economic studies, health records, and national statistics. This information is gathered from every country in the world and is compiled and structured to find the most statistically happy country. In 2015 the top five happiest countries were Switzerland, Iceland, Denmark, Norway, andRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Health Care On The United States1654 Words   |  7 Pages Modern health care is a policy revolving around a system that allows individuals to access medical services in order to maintain or improve physical and mental health. There is not universal coverage throughout the world, and some individuals have the access and coverage vital to their wellbeing. In the last decade, healthcare cost have been rising at a steady rate on a worldly scale. Numerous industrialized and developed countries are being exposed to a steady fluctuation within the structure ofRead MoreSick Around The World Has Really Opened My Eyes About The United States Health Care System1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe documentary Sick Around the World has really opened my eyes about the United States health care system. The diversity of health-care systems in other countries would make individuals think that the United States would have thoughts of changing a majority of their policies. The information given in the documentary was factual and useful to my knowledge. The informat ion also provides me with ways I could approach my future career in health care, which is epidemiology. As an epidemiologist, diseaseRead MoreThe Health Care System Of A Developed Country Versus A Developing Country Essay937 Words   |  4 Pages A well-functioning health system is made up of various components, but there are certain ones that are key, such as; improving the health status of the population and ensuring that there is equal access to the population. Also important is protecting the residents against the financial consequences of ill-health (The WHO). The health care system of a nation is not an independent entity. It relies on various constructs such as the political climate, technology and the nation’s economy. It is alsoRead MoreIn Debt with Health Insurance1449 Words   |  6 Pageswith Health Insurance More than 60 percent of personal bankruptcies in the United States are caused by medical bills. Of those bankruptcies that were caused by medical bills, 75 percent of them involved individuals that have health insurance. When an individual gets sick in this country their first thought is usually ways they can avoiding going to the doctor so they do not have to try and pay for their visit regardless of if they are insured or not. Even now after the Affordable Health Care ActRead MoreUnited States Versus Nepal s Healthcare System1167 Words   |  5 Pages United States versus Nepal’s Healthcare The healthcare system in each country is intended to meet the best possible medical services needs of its citizens. One country’s healthcare system can vary from another. This is according to their administration strategy, training, education, technology, and spending plan. Social, economic, political, and physical parts of the nation also play huge role in defining a country’s healthcare system. There are many similarities in the delivery of medical servicesRead MoreThe Healing Of America1047 Words   |  5 Pagesin the United States but all around the world, is the topic of healthcare. How much should the government contribute? Should healthcare be free and open to all? In his book, The healing of America, T.R. Reid goes on a quest in the hopes of finding a solution to his injured shoulder. Reid travels the world hearing all the different perspectives the doctors have concerning his shoulder. The main goal is to find the best healthcare system in the world by observi ng countries similar to the United StatesRead MoreThe Organization Financing And Delivery Of Healthcare Systems Essay948 Words   |  4 Pagescomponents and issues of the organization financing and delivery of healthcare systems. A well-functioning health system is made up of various components but there are certain ones that are key, such as; improving the health status of the population and ensuring that there is equal access to the population. Also important is protecting the residents against the financial consequences of ill-health (The WHO). The health care system of a nation is not an independent entity. It relies on various constructsRead MoreAlternative Health Care Plans Throughout the World Essay871 Words   |  4 Pagesauthor Reid discusses the different alternatives and models in healthcare provision that have been embraced by different countries around the world. For America in particular, the author holds the idea that the healthcare system is disastrous and explores other alternatives that can serve as better choices. According to the author, far from the widely held belief that universal healthcare is a universal socialized system, there are multiple and distinct plans that other countries em brace to cover allRead MoreComparison : Learning From The Us And New Zealand Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesHealth care system in comparison: Learning from the US and New Zealand New Zealand and the United States put a great deal of attention to their health care where they share some similarities, as well as differences. Both countries similarly focus on a better number of covered individuals on order to create an enrolled population. However, both countries are the example two significantly different health care approaches regarding their service scope, benefit, and financing sources. This essay tries

The Sociology Research Methods Questionnaire - 877 Words

The Sociology Research Methods Questionnaire is an example of a badly designed survey. You could improve several questions merely by separating them into 2 questions or narrowing the scope of the question. Also the title would lead you to believe that it had something to do with research methods in sociology, however, upon reading through the survey you soon realize that if there is an objective to this survey it is not clear. The order of the question and answer in some parts of the survey are not succinct and further add to the confusion created by the lack of subject matter. Finally there are many questions as that could have been answered by the research through additional steps. Several of the questions could be rewritten to gain clarity; however doing so would not eliminate the lack of subject matter for this survey. Question # 35, which asks about respondent’s level of comfort with homosexuals; the answers offered are long, extensive and cannot be true all the time for everyone; the answers should be more concise. For example the options could be as simple as: ï‚   Extremely comfortable ï‚   Comfortable ï‚   Not comfortable at all Question # 37 which requests responded stance or support of feminism, this first issue with this question is the order in which the answers are offered, they are not in order, typically answer should be in ascending or descending order of support not in random order. Also several of the answers are compound thoughts, for example the first answerShow MoreRelatedQuantitative And Qualitative Research Methods871 Words   |  4 PagesWith sociology, researchers can use a different range of research methods to acquire new data. The various forms of research methods include surveys, ethnomethodology, experiments and documentary research. A common distinction is often made in sociology between quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative methods intend to measure social phenomena by using mathematical methods and statistical analysis. On the other hand, qualitative methods mean to collect rich, detailed data, allowingRead More Structural Sociologists vs Interpretive Sociologi sts Essay603 Words   |  3 Pages Is it true that structural sociologists use only quantitative methods while interpretive sociologists use only qualitative methods? The methods that sociologists use to conduct their research vary and can depend on practical considerations such as suitability of the method, and theoretical considerations such as the sociologist’s theoretical position. Interpretive sociologists focus on the meanings and definitions which guide and direct behaviour, they claim that understanding humanRead More Sociology vs. Cultural Anthropology Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages The research methods in sociology and anthropology are similar yet follow a specific set of guidelines for each. Each field approaches research in a similar fashion but the methodology and intentions can differ. The differences reflect the distinct differences that are present in sociology and anthropology. The way that an anthropologist approaches a problem and attempts to solve it is different than a sociologist because of the discerning basis of their knowledge. Some of the research methodsRead MoreWhy An Independent Variable Affects A Dependent Variable888 Words   |  4 PagesExperiments, Longitudinal studies, are two significant methods of research used in Sociology. First, the Survey method, a primary research method, studies a larger, broader population of sociol ogy (Bryant, L. (2014), (Census). For this survey method, experimenter choose the subject and questions needed for the collection of data. The advantage of this method involves a faster evaluation period and is inexpensive. However, the disadvantage of this method is the interviewers inability to observe the participantsRead MorePeople Behaviour1030 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher Lochai 03/11/2012 Sociology Question: - Can questionnaires really capture the truth about people behaviour? Illustrate using examples from actual research. Methodology is concern with both the detail research methods through with data is collected, and the more general philosophies upon which the collection and analysis of data are based. In methodology there are two types of research methods in which researchers can depend on when researching. These are â€Å"Quantitative†Read MoreAssess the relative importance of the different factors that affect sociologists choice of research methods and of topics to investigate923 Words   |  4 PagesThere are different factors that influence sociologists choice of research. Sociologists have to firstly decide what particular area or topic they want to study, in order for them to carry out their research. When sociologists choose a topic, there are two types of sources available to the sociologists, they are Primary and Secondary. Primary is the data collected by the researchers themselves, usually in the form of questionnaires or interviews. Secondary is the data that is alread y available e.gRead MoreExplain The Procedures Of Three Sociological Research Methods And Evaluate Their Strengths And Weaknesses Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesExplain the procedures of three sociological research methods and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. Sociology is the study of how humans experience life. Through studying behaviour, development, cultures and how people function as a society sociologist strive to explain social problems. This is achieved through research methods. Research methods can take many different approaches and rarely is one method used to gain insight and understanding, a mixture of different concepts can be usedRead MoreSociological Exploration Or Research Is A Complex Process1333 Words   |  6 PagesJennifer Wilson Intro to Sociology Professor Hartley Essay #2 Essay#2 Sociological exploration or research is a complex process. At what time a scientist attempts to figure out the way the natural world works, he will utilize experiments to search for the cause and effect. In other words, they construct an experiment so they can observe or evaluate any change in one entity and cause another to vary in a repetitive way. When things change within an experiment they are called variables. A â€Å"variable†Read MoreMethodology of Research Essay examples604 Words   |  3 PagesMethodology of Research The method that I will be using to research my area of sociology will be a structured questionnaire, it will be structured so that the candidates stick to the questions that they are asked and do not write about irrelevant matters. I will first of all produce a pilot questionnaire and send it round to a test group of people, and hopefully see whether or not I am able to obtain the relevant information that I need forRead MoreExplain The Procedures Of Three Sociological Research Methods And Evaluate Their Strengths And Weaknesses1151 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the procedures of three sociological research methods and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. Sociology is the study of how humans experience life. Through studying behaviour, development, cultures and how people function as a society sociologist strive to explain social problems. This is achieved through research methods. Research methods can take many different approaches and rarely is one method used to gain insight and understanding, a mixture of different concepts can be used

Bring Instant Replay to Major League Baseball Essay

Major League Baseball (MLB) has been losing fans for several years. The average attendance for a MLB game has been decreasing for a number of years. If Major League Baseball would like to compete with popularity of professional sports such as Professional football (NFL) and Professional basketball (NBA), they need to embrace some of technologies that have made those sports so successful in recent years. Right now, MLB has a replay system used for determining home runs that are either fair or foul, whether the ball actually left the playing field or whether the ball was interfered with by a spectator. MLB should have an instant replay system that can be used for all judgment calls excluding ball and strike calls. MLB could adopt a†¦show more content†¦MLB owners are paying too much for players, stadiums, amenities, etc. to put fans in seats and I cannot imagine they appreciate going to that level of effort so that the outcome of a game may get decided on a blown call by an umpire. If speed of the game is the major sticking point against implementing a fully executable instant replay system, then why can’t other steps be taken to make sure the game doesn’t last too long? Why can’t MLB games last 8 innings, or extra inning rules be tweaked so that games don’t last too long. The NFL has taken steps to improve their product and some of those steps including shortening games and the NFL remain extremely successful. Admittedly, implementing instant replay for all levels of baseball would be economically challenging. However, at the very least, instant replay should be implemented on the professional level where the athletes are being paid and millions of fans are paying to watch a good game. A very recent and well known incident that occurred during the 2010 MLB season cost Armando Galarraga, a pitcher for the Detroit Tigers, a perfect game. The umpire, Jim Joyce who by all standards was considered a very good umpire, blew a call late in the game that he later admittedly blew. Had instant replay been a tool that would have been at his disposal, he could have gotten the call correct and sacrificed that incredible moment for Armando that has forever been lost.Show MoreRelatedBaseball By Ken Burns : Baseball Is The Constitution, Jazz Music, And Baseball1584 Words   |  7 Pagesis something magical in the crack of a baseball bat meeting a baseball. The hush of the crowd before the pitch allows the 1.4 kHz to echo through the stadium. This sound needs no onomatopoeia; we can all recall it from a memory at a baseball park or from any of the countless baseball movies ever produced. This classic sound has traveled through the years, from the beginnings of professional baseba ll to today. First called a national pastime in 1856, baseball has endured over two hundred and twentyRead MoreMajor League Baseball: Industry Overview, Key Issues and Forecast3335 Words   |  14 PagesThe MLB: Major League Baseball is the highest level of baseball play in the United States. It is comprised of two leagues, the National League and the American League, and 30 separate teams who each play a 162 game season. The commissioner of the league is Bud Selig, as commissioner he oversees the logistics of organizing the umpiring employees, and all contracts dealing with labor, marketing and TV broadcasting. Mostly funded by private enterprises, with partial funding from public taxes; the MLBRead MoreStrategies in the Sports Marketing Industry Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pagesto sell you product and make a profit. The men and women behind the scenes making this all happen are sports marketers. According to Wake Forest University, the careers of sports marketers are fast paced, exciting and quite hectic. From NASCAR to baseball, these marketers use a multitude of strategies to market product in the real world. For example Mike Ozanian, member of the Forbes staff, talks about the Dallas Cow boys. He contributes the Cowboys’ 500 million dollar revenue per season to specificRead MoreEssay Strategies in the Sports Marketing Industry1103 Words   |  5 Pagesto sell you product and make a profit. The men and women behind the scenes making this all happen are sports marketers. According to Wake Forest University, the careers of sports marketers are fast paced, exciting and quite hectic. From NASCAR to baseball, these marketers use a multitude of strategies to market product in the real world. For example Mike Ozanian, member of the Forbes staff, talks about the Dallas Cowboys. He contributes the 500 million dollar revenue from per season to specific athleteRead MoreAdvancements In Technology In Sports1860 Words   |  8 PagesWhat the swimmers wear has also changed because of advancements in technology. Some swimmers wear full-body suits to help them swim faster and break records. This is simply one way technological advancements have impacted todays athletes. Another major sport that has been affected by technology is basketball. Basketball is considered by some to not be an advanced sport, but without technology it would be completely different. Once the shot clock was added it caused the game to speed up. In todays

Sanjay gandhi national park free essay sample

?Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP), previously Borivali National Park,[2] is a large protected area in the northern part of suburban Mumbai city in Maharashtra State in India. [3] It encompasses an area of 104 km2 (40 sq mi) and is surrounded on three sides by Indias most populous city. [4] It is notable as one of the major national parks existing within a metropolis limit and is one of the most visited parks in the world[3] The rich flora and fauna of Sanjay Gandhi National Park attracts more than 2 million visitors every year. Tourists also enjoy visiting the 2400 years old Kanheri caves sculpted out of the rocky cliffs which lie within the park. The park is a bustling forest, with an estimated 800 types of mauve. This flower is native to the park and the surrounding regions, including Karnala, the Yeoor hills, Tungareshwar and some parts of Goregaon’s Film City. The park is also home to a small population of leopards. We will write a custom essay sample on Sanjay gandhi national park or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The park is home to a number of endangered species of flora and fauna. The forest area of the Park houses over 1000 plant species, 251 species of migratory, land and water birds, 50,000 species of insects, 40 species of mammals. In addition, the Park also provides shelter to 38 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians and also 150 species of butterflies and a large variety of fish. [4][8] The Park is a tree lovers delight in all seasons. The forest cover in the park can be divided into two main categories i. e. South Indian moist deciduous and Semi Evergreen. The region has good biodiversity and major trees and plants include kadamba, teak, karanj, shisam, and species of acacia, ziziphus, euphorbia, flame of the forest, red silk cotton and many more varieties of flowers. Almost the entire park is awashed with the rainbow hues of the flowers that bloom here, during the monsoon season. The park is known to shelter wildlife right from the time of modernization of the Mumbai city. One can have encounters with several of the species which include spotted deer, black naped hare, barking deer, porcupine, palm civet, mouse deer, rhesus macaque, bounet macaque, Hanuman langur, Indian flying fox, and sambhar,leopards etc. The Sanjay Gandhi National Park is mainly known for its diverse types of birds. It is a paradise for the bird watchers. The birdwatchers will find Sanjay Gandhi National Park just like a heaven. As per the wildlife experts, there are over 251 species of birds inhabiting the national park, comprising of both water birds and land birds. One can also see migratory birds frequenting the park. The park has faced a number of problems similar to those faced by national parks elsewhere in the world, involving conflicts between natural and human interests. Sanjay Gandhi national park has played home to many poachers in the recent years. Usually, leopards are attacked. In many cases these animals had been poisoned, and claws or other valuable body parts were cut off and sold. Poaching could soon wipe out Mumbais leopard population. Sanjay Gandhi National Park is said to be one of the most visited National Parks in Asia. According to estimates, around 2 million visitors visit this park annually. One can enjoy both lion and tiger safari at the Sanjay Gandhi National Park. Lion safari is the main attraction of the park which has been drawing people to the park right through the parks early days. Tiger safari is recently introduced in the park. The lion safari is done on a 12-hectare area, while tiger safari on 20 hectares. There are special buses provided by the park authorities for lion safari. The tigers have a special cage/shelter for having their meals and sleeping at night. Two watch towers have been provided for the safety of the tourists. Both the lion safari and tiger safari offer a opportunity to the visitors to see and understand the two majestic animals. The Kanheri Caves are a protected archaeological site at 19Â °12? 30? N 72Â °54? 23? E. The caves were sculpted by Buddhist residents starting in the 1st century BCE. The area was actually a settlement and once served as inns for travellers.

Examine the Reasons for Changes in Birth Rates and Family Size Since 1900 free essay sample

Since 1990, there has been a declining trend in birth rates and family size. The birth rate refers to the number of live births per 1000 of the population per year. There have been incidents of baby booms during the 20th century, where the birth rate has suddenly increased. These include after both world wars and during the 1960s. However, overall the birth rate has been decreasing. There are a number of social factors responsible for these changes. Firstly, the changing position of women in society has been partially responsible for the decline in birth rate and family size. The changes include greater equality changes between women and men, more education and work opportunities for women, easier access to divorce and wider availability of contraception and abortion, allowing women to control their fertility. as a result of these changes, women are seeing other possibilities in life other than marriage and childbearing. Many women are delaying child birth and putting their careers first. We will write a custom essay sample on Examine the Reasons for Changes in Birth Rates and Family Size Since 1900 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page this leads to them having children at a later age and consequently being unable to have several children. Furthermore, a change in social attitudes mean some women are not having children at all. In addition to this, many sociologists argue that a decline in infant mortality rate leads to a decline in birth rate. They argue this because couples are not having children to replace the ones they have lost in infancy, as infant death is much rarer. In 1990, 15% of babies born died before their first birthday. Today, the infant mortality rate stands at only 5%,a great decrease from 1990. The decline in infant mortality rate is linked to a number of factors including improved healthcare, better nutrition for both babies and mothers and better care for mothers and their children through agencies such as antenatal and postnatal clinics. The decline in infant mortality, it is therefore argued, has a direct impact on the birth rate. Furthermore, birth rate and family size have decreased since 1900 as children have become an economic liability. Previously, children had been sent out of work to earn an income, such as chimney sweep boys during the Victorian era. However, laws banning child labour and the compulsory education extending means that children are not aloud to earn an income. Instead they remain economically dependent on their family for longer. Additionally, childrens material expectations have risen, meaning the cost of maintaining children has too. Increasing child expenditure has led to a reluctance from couples to have large families, thus the birth rate has decreased. The child-centered attitude that has now become prevalent in society is a final reason for a declining trend in birth rate and family size. The social construction of childhood has led people to view childhood as a unique, important period in a persons life. In relation to this child-centered attitude, parents attitude has shifted from quantity to quality when it comes to their family. This means people prefer to have a smaller family size so they can spend more attention on children during their important life stages. Overall there has been a steady decline in birth rate and family size since 1990. This has been due to a number of social factors including the changing position of women, the decline in infant mortality rates, changes in child laws and social attitudes towards childhood as a social construct.

Why Men Are Typically Taller Than Women

Why Men Are Typically Taller Than Women While studying genetic factors behind different traits in men and women, University of Helsinki researchers have identified a genetic variant on the X sex chromosome that accounts for height differences between the sexes. Sex cells, produced by male and female gonads, contain either an X or a Y chromosome. The fact that females have two X chromosomes and males only have one X chromosome must be taken into account when attributing the difference in traits to variants on the X chromosome. According to the studys head researcher, Professor Samuli Ripatti, The double dose of X-chromosomal genes in women could cause problems during the development. To prevent this, there is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in the cell is silenced. When we realized that the height associated variant we identified was nearby a gene that is able to escape the silencing we were particularly excited. The height variant identified influences a gene that is involved in cartilage development. Individuals that possess the height variant tend to be shorter than average. Since women have two copies of the X chromosome variant, they tend to be shorter than men.

School Bullying in California Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School Bullying in California - Research Paper Example Current policy Jigsaw Classroom This is a cooperative learning technique with a three decade track record of reducing racial conflict and increasing positive education outcomes. In this strategy just like in the jigsaw puzzle, each student’s part is essential. For example, students in a history class are divided in to may be five groups and the task being to learn about World War 2. In one jigsaw group John can be responsible in researching about the rise to power of Adolf Hitler, May assigned to cover concentration Camps, Alex to cover Britain’s role in the war, Mike to research on the contribution of the Soviet Union. Eventually every student comes back to his jigsaw group and will try to present a well-organized report to the group. Thus if a member does not like the other he cannot do well on the test that follows (Barrows, 1998). This therefore encourages listening, engagement and empathy by giving everyone an essential part to play in the academic activity. Policy Makers Metro Center offers technical assistance that utilizes consultation methods which builds strong-client consultation relationtionship that result in sustained change and improvement. Thus district and school representatives take an active role in coming to understand and assess their own concerns rather than having to rely solely on the knowledge and skills outside experts.

Modern states in the Middle East are the product of colonial violence Essay

Modern states in the Middle East are the product of colonial violence. Discuss with reference to two countries in the region - Essay Example The earlier caliphate and later empires and sultanates were the political factors that unified Muslims before colonialism (Khadduri 1951, p. 11). Colonialism is to blame for the rise in the ‘nation-state’. This is majorly because the colonizers used arbitrary and ad hoc means to create nation-states that were only meant to serve some of their particular interests. Good examples to explain this concept are how Kuwait, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Jordan were created. Kuwait was created as a result of the interest that the British had in the oil that was present in the Persian Gulf. Lebanon, on the other hand, was carved out of Syria to create a state that was friendly to Arab Christians. In the case of Jordan, it was created as a present to King Abdullah for the assistance he offered to the British during the 1st World War (Khalil 1990, p. 54). The manner in which most of these territories were being re-carved led to increased tensions that were centered on the territorial, l inguistic and ethnic differences that existed among Muslims previously. With this in mind, it is correct to point out that modern states in the Middle East are a product of colonial violence. This paper will discuss this notion with a focus on how Iraq and Syria were created as a result of colonial violence. ... From that day, Iraq was referred to as the â€Å"State of Iraq†. The state was to begin operating like an independent state because it was forced to break away from the ties that it had with the rest of the Middle East. The British went ahead and brought King Faisal, who was a Hashemite, to be the ruler of the new established State of Iraq. The French, who were the colonial masters in Syria, had forced Faisal out of Syria (Omissi 1990, p. 2). The British went further and appointed elites from the Sunni Arab people to head major government authorities and ministries. In 1932, Iraq was granted independence by the British after long persuasions by King Faisal. The British, however, did not give up the military bases or the transit rights for their troops. King Faisal died a year later, in 1933, and was succeeded by King Ghazi. During King Ghazi’s time, military coups were the order of the day. He eventually died in 1939 and was succeeded by his underage son (Tripp 2002, p. 28). Syria, on the other hand, has a unique history because some of its sections between 1098 and 1189 AD were under the Germans, Italians, English and French. This was mostly during the crusades that characterized that period. Previously, the region that is today Syria was under army of the Arab Rashidun in 640 AD (Batatu 1999, p. 21). After the period of the crusades, Syria was taken over by the Ottoman Empire in 1516. The French came in later in 1920 and established an independent Kingdom known as the Kingdom of Syria. The Kingdom which did not last for long was under the leadership of Faisal 1 who belonged to the Hashemite family. The Battle of Maysalun is blamed for the short existence of the Kingdom of Syria which only lasted a

The Work of the Prophets order Essay Example for Free

The Work of the Prophets order Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prophets of the Old Testament times are known to be people who speak for God. They are God’s messengers whose sole job was to proclaim the word of the Lord to His people. In short, they are God’s mouthpiece. There are however misconceptions and confusions as to the exact work of the prophet. This essay will try to elaborate on the true work of the prophet. Certain Confusions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The work of the prophet is commonly misconceived by many well-meaning people. Most of these, revere, and regard the Bible as the Word of God, and therefore authoritative in life. However, confusion has wreaked havoc in their understanding of the true nature of prophetic writings because these people misunderstood the prophets themselves. A wrong perception of the personalities of these messengers of God has led to wrong interpretations of their writings. One prevailing false impression of the prophets generally is in the area of their mental state. Usually, they are perceived as people who were not in their normal state of mind especially while they were receiving their prophecies from God and while they were fulfilling their task of prophesying to Old Testament kings and the people of Israel. Their whole personalities, as well as their public functions, are veiled with mystery or paranormal occurrences. For example, some think that these prophets of Old were people who from time to time would experience some kind of a trance, a state of dazed existence, at certain occasions to receive their messages, much like the pagan prophets of Baal and other ancient religions of those times. This is a false notion of a biblical prophet, of course (Pratt Jr, thirdmill.org). Prophets have come to be known as such, not because they are primarily mystics who during several special occasions went through beyond normal encounters with God, but because they are messengers of God who proclaimed God’s word to Israel and remind them at certain times the forgotten laws of their Lord. Prophets are prophets because God must have His choiced spokespersons to deliver His word to His people. And so, they are normal persons with normal personalities like any other ordinary citizen of Israel. In fact, they have come from all walks of life in the nation of Israel. Some of them were statesmen like Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Daniel. Others like Zechariah came from levitical backgrounds; Amos, on the other hand was a shepherd and a farmer. Certain marks distinguished these people as prophets of God: they were chosen by God (Jer.1:5), they were people with heightened sensitivity to the holiness of God and the evils of men (Am.8:4-6), and they were people whose words they carry were not really theirs but God’s, hence, they were able to predict future events. As to the hyper-sensitivity of biblical prophets to evils in society, they were somewhat beyond the normal. The otherwise normal occurrences in life such as falsehood, injustice, hypocrisy, misery, etc., were magnified in their consciences by their knowledge of the laws of God (Heschel, 1962). With regards to sin, because it is the major problem with which God has been dealing with His people Israel since their inception, the prophets were so keen to highlight. Jeremiah prophesied doom for the non-repentance of Israel (Jer.1:16), and that they would eventually go into exile for their sins. The prophesy was historically fulfilled during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar (597 BC). In spite of the imminent judgment of exile on the people of God, the prophets pronounced a yet coming day when God would show His long-term eternal plan to redeem His people through the Messiah who would come first as a Suffering Servant (Isa.52-53). Through the coming Messiah, God would deal with the sin problem decisively and restore His people by making a New Covenant with them not like the one which God made in the time of Moses (Jer.31:31-33). Through the prophets then, God has clearly revealed His permanent hatred of sin, His righteousness, and everlasting plan for His people. References: Heschel, Abraham J. 1962. The Prophets: An Introduction. Harper Row Publishers. Holy Bible. New King James Version. 2002. Pratt, Richard Jr. http://thirdmill.org/seminary/catalog/herm/hgup/detail.asp/site/iiim/category/catalog

Plastics and Our Environment Essays -- Environmental Impact Ecology Es

Plastics and Our Environment Works Cited Missing Plastics today play an important part in cutting-edge technologies such as the space program, bullet-proof vests and prosthetic limbs, as well as in everyday products such as beverage containers, medical devices and automobiles. Recycled plastics are used to make polymeric timbers for use in picnic tables, fences, and outdoor toys, thus saving natural lumber. Plastic from 2-liter bottles is even being spun into fiber for the production of carpet. They are such a valuable resource, that, as a society, we have become dependent on plastics. It is essential that we develop programs to assure this resource will always be available in the future. Plastics are being used in so many different ways. Whether you are aware of it or not, plastics play and important part in your life. Plastics' versatility allow it to be used in everything from car parts to doll parts, from soft drink bottles to the refrigerators they are stored in. From the car you drive to work in to the television you watch when you get home, plastics help make your life easier and better. So how is it that plastics have become so widely used? How did plastics become the material of choice for so many varied applications? The simple answer is that plastics are the material that can provide the things consumers want and need. Plastics have the unique capability to be manufactured to meet very specific functional needs for consumers. So maybe there's another q...

Physician and Nursing Shortages Essay

Healthcare reforms including Obama Care, formally named the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act greatly impacts physicians and nursing shortages. There are several provisions which could direct impact physicians and nurses through incentives for potential recruitment, grants, training and retention. Through potential initiatives, the act may indirect effects that may question or present new reimbursement alternatives and models of health care delivery options. Healthcare reforms will allow millions of additional working as well as no working Americans to obtain healthcare coverage and this may challenge and highly impact physicians and nurses workforces across the United States. Many healthcare facilities have already reported high vacancy rates for technicians, pharmacists, maintenance staff, housekeeping staff and radiology technicians and laboratory technologists. Today, fair percentage of the American population, roughly 20%, lack proper access to needed primary care becau se there is an ongoing shortage of physicians. Some doctors, almost 30% are declining to accept new patients whom are insured with Medicaid. The changing demographics of the United States today and perverse reimbursements are direct impacts from the physician shortage. The looming physician and nursing shortages will inevitably hinder the health care system that is already being tax as well as alter the way patients and their physicians interact because the doctor-to-patient ratio will continue to be raised which will hurt patient outcomes. All workers within the healthcare arena play a vital part in making the healthcare system successful. Physicians and nursing shortages definitely create problems for every department and for all other workers within their system. Worldwide shortages that the United States are currently experiencing may create dangerous and unacceptable care to patients. Shortages additional enable work environments that do the foster retention of highly experienced and  qualified healthcare professionals, resulting in high turnover and revolving worker pool. Physicians and nursing shortages present c hallenges that do not help the workforce in healthcare organizations worldwide. These challenges include inadequate incentives which may attract students to join the profession, understaffing in various medical professions, as well as inadequate training facilities, and primary care being undervalued. Obama Care relies on primary care providers to coordinate care in the hopes of lowering costs and improving outcomes. â€Å"If the population growth, aging and demand for care created by the newly insured, it is estimated that by 2025, the U.S. will face a shortage of 30,000 primary care physicians, nearly 5,000 of which are attributable to the expansion of insurance under Obama Care.† (Howard, 2013) The health care system involves a network that is a combination of hospitals, employers, insurers, physicians, patients and various other stakeholders. A significant change impacting one component will reshape the entire system. Stakeholders are greatly concerned because the qualities of health care as well as the cost of care. Health care reforms will need to a ddress changes that are missing in policy outlines which should make primary health care more rewarding and appealing to potential new nursing and physician staff and which will also help to maintain the nursing and physicians that are already practicing. Additional the current supply of primary health care physicians will continue to fall behind the increasing patient demands. This will also result in stakeholders presented with the problems of increasing shortfall during the next decade within the primary care physicians. The availability of primary care is consistently and positively targeted to continued improvement with patient outcomes, raising health costs, lower utilization of health and reduced mortality rates. The Affordable Care Act set forth millions of dollars to address the problems and concerns that are associated with existing physicians shortages. The Affordable Care Act also has provisions that are aimed to improve the education, ongoing training as well as to help with the recruitment of nursing, physicians, doctors as well as other health care personnel. In addition, there are provisions in place that help to increase workforces’ cultural competency, enhance faculty training of healthcare professionals, and diversity. The provisions also play a vital role because of the fact they are put into place to examine innovative  reimbursement and care delivery models that highlight primary care services value and offer in improvement in the patient care coordination. On an average, primary physician groups may see about four or five patients within an hour, probably about one patient every fifteen minutes. Because of increase productivity and cost restraints and pressures, this number could increase dramatically. This trend, unfortunately, will be matching the burden of physicians declining incomes and job market. A lessor number of physicians earn what physicians earned many years ago. Primary health has been affected more as compared to services rendered. Additionally, the shift to a bundled fee for performance from the fee for service reimbursement system for force solo practicing physicians and small group practices into forming or partnering into larger practices. Physicians and nursing staff are not surprised by many of the findings. The Doctors Company, the largest physician-owned medical malpractice insurer in the nation in 2012, released results from a survey in which more than 5,000 physicians participated in across the nation commented on the future of health care reform. A result of the survey concluded that 60% of the respondents concluded that the pressures of trying to increase patient numbers will probably have a negative effect on the level of care physicians whom have the opportunity to provide services. The study concluded that 51% of the physicians thought that their ability to successfully keep positive relationships with their patients and grow patient relationships would be negatively affected. Lastly, the study concluded that out of 10 physicians, nine are disillusioned by the concerns with the shortages so that several of the physicians actively discourage family and friends from pursuing careers in medicine. Unfortunately, this is a shocking reality of what many of us already know, and statistics presented from the study would be even higher if the exact survey questionnaire was conducted today. While the many projected newly insured patients that will enter the health care system may obtain their insurance coverage through available st ate ran exchanges, many new patients may still find themselves unable to afford potential discounted policies. This will cause many to look for coverage from Medicaid out of urgency and because they may feel as though they have no choice. Primary care physician payments have been reduced in the past and we can look for them to be continually reduced maybe even more in the future. Many  physicians are unhappy with the fact that they may owe over 160,000 when they finish medical school. Many potential physicians do not find this attractive because many will have salaries that are likely to be less than the cost of their education. Many physicians in this case will find it more attractive and enticing to become specials which again will attribute to the physicians and nursing shortages. Physician assistants and nurse practitioners may have to step up in fill in. Physician assistants are qualified personnel that have been license and qualified to provide needed preventive care options. Physician assistants have an important role in the management of chronic disease prevention and management, administering blood sugars testing and interpreting blood sugar levels. When physicians have only a short time, less than 10 minutes or so to see a patient, sometimes they encounter issues which may leave no choice but to pass responsibilities to their , who are able, to practice with the supervision of the physician in most states. â€Å"Under the proposals, issued with a view to impending physician shortages, it would be easier for hospitals to use advanced practice nurse practitioners and physician assistants in lieu of higher-paid physicians.†(Pear, 2011) Because these change, hospitals could benefit by seeing savings which would be immediate. Legislation within several states at this time is seeking to extend the physician assistant’s autonomy by enabling the assistance to independently practice without of physicians, but under certain guidelines and protocol s. Many Americans may find this legislation to be filled with controversy, but many may feel that the legislation is needed to increase productivity of physician assistants, nurse practitioners and primary-care physicians whom will ultimately have responsibilities because of the growing shortages. Doctor-patient relationship will definitely change because of the shortages. In the past, patients were granted appointment times that could last up to 60 minutes, these days are gone because patients are rushed out because of people waiting to be seen in addition. This doesn’t mean service will go down or the quality of medical care will not be like it was. Even though many people have doubts and are not optimistic, I feel the quality of medical care and health service will improve. Research also indicates the quality of patient care will improve performance measurements will prove this in the future. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will impose  changes that may be dis ruptive in the delivery of primary care. The act allows expansion of primary care access to physicians, millions of new patients, and policymakers will be faced with increase pressure to resolve primary care practitioner’s shortages. Even though controversy surrounds the Affordable Care Act enactment, the government should do more to drive motivation among physicians, nurses and professional medical associations. They can also embrace medical societies that may offer strategy initiatives suggestions that will help to meet the nation’s primary care needs. Physicians have experience some success to this date with embracing the changes to primary care, such as supporting laws that allows primary care practice to be perform by non-physician practitioners including assistants and nurse practitioners. Some physicians have realized that they may benefit from the integration of primary care practice from population health needs. Many physicians have realized that the environment now created is beneficial, it helps the m. Many physicians have chosen to stop being against non-physician practitioners and are welcoming them to work with them. Physicians can also offer problem solving and physicians should take initiatives to foster policies and develop solutions which addresses primary care shortages. Initiatives can involve no more opposition of non-physician practitioners with primary care providers (in the past medical organizations as well as physicians did show opposition to this). Additionally, physicians should embrace changes with the delivery of primary health care including the shifting of some responsibilities to the practitioners. Lastly, because of the Affordable Care Act focuses with prevention and wellness, physicians should realize that opportunities exist to the integration of the primary care practice with population health. Many Americans will have coverage with the expansion of health insurance coverage. With the nation’s continued growth and new covered Americans the drive the demand for primary care to levels will definitely exceed existing capacity levels. The millions of newly insured Americans who may not had access to primary care will definitely be looking for primary care now with the enactment of the act. Because of this, there will more than likely be disruptive and unwelcome changes in the delivery of primary care. Important ethical issues are presented with health care reform. The recently 2010 enacted Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act have  ignited ethical debates over some minor and major controversial topics. Why do many feel as though reform within the health care system such a controversial issue? Politicians seek to gain advantages over their worthy opponents which fuel the policy debate. Differences which are important to us all, with values and moral beliefs are the underlying issues of political differences. To help comprehend the moral paramete rs of debate within health care reform, it may be beneficial to start by analyzing the primary goals of the nation’s health care system. Individuals and as the society want and have high expectations with our health care system. The United States health care system has been shaped by fundamental desires and goals. The American people will accept nothing less those exceptional, high levels of quality care which provides excellent health benefits. Americans expects the United States to continue being the frontiers of medicine and expects the United States to continue improving the quality of health care. The American people also want and welcome having a freedom of choice which means they make their own decisions about their care. These decisions can include deciding where to receive care, if and when they do, what kind of care they get, and from which health care provider in which they seek care. Basically, Americans including myself would like to maintain our on control over our health care needs, choices and providers. We also want affordability with healthcare, we don’t want to spend all our hard earned money on health care costs and not have enough money to cover our other needs. In addition, most Americans feel as though our fellow Americans can share in the costs of providing health care benefits to us all and Americans Americans as well as the government wants to make sure that medical care costs are controlled. This is an important attribute of the cost of medical care and it’s a vital element of the health care reform enactment. Extending care access to everyone without appropriate cost control measures will be unsustainable. â€Å"The number of emergency room visits continues to rise at a rate greater than that of population growth, exemplified by an increase in emergency room visit rates from 352.8 to 390.5 per 1000 persons from 1997-2007.† (Tang, 2010) Today, the United States spends the most on health care per capita, more than any other country. Americans generally would prefer cost containment that does not reduce quality or services. Cost containment approaches are not design to interfere with the  value of health care. The PPACA have address cost containment strategies which include patient care that is accountable, patient-centered medical homes, and programs to reduce patients being readmitted and patients acquiring new conditions while admitted as well as bundled payments. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act have some provisions that may be negative for doctors, however in some instances patients can suffer more. However examining the positives, On a positive side, provisions as well programs can help many of us. The Affordable Care Act seeks to provide additional access to coverage, lowering health care spending and improving the quality of health care delivered services. Initiatives of the ACA aid health care organizations; doctors and providers work together to coordinate health care of patient’s beneficiaries to ensure the quality of health care continues to improve while spending and costs are lowered. Many of the elderly have begun receiving the benefits of the provisions of the law. Some of these benefits include lower payments and preventive service care. They also are seeing the benefits of Medicare prescriptions at lower drug cost. The Affordable Care Act is helping seniors by allowing annual wellness visits and preventive services in which they have no upfront or out of pocket costs, offering coverage to individuals that may have pre-existing conditions and it allows for no one to be denied coverage because of pre-existing condition and huge savings on prescription drug costs. Though the health reform law includes measurement which may address the presented and growing shortage, other provisions in the law most likely will raise the demand of primary care. For example, the law is expected to extend coverage to millions of uninsured people by 2019, which will definitely increase the demand for primary care services. â€Å"The PPACA coverage expansions are predicted to increas e the shortage of primary care physicians from approximately 25,000 to 45,000 by 2020.† (Carrier, 2012) There are several measurements that can be implemented to help improve access to primary care providers and services. Because the U.S. has a high percentage of Americans without adequate healthcare a Mobile Health Clinic or a Nursed Managed Centers can be used to attract a lot of people such as the homeless people who do not have the means to be able to go to the doctor (Whelan, et al, 2010). This will allow them to be able to see a doctor and get the proper medical attention they need to have healthier lives. One possible  approach to alleviating pressures on the primary care workforce is greater use of nurse practitioners, which could both increase the number of primary care providers and potentially free up physicians to care for more complex patients. Improving access to primary care services and having more effective public health measures are critical to ensuring that individuals have access to high-quality services at the place and time that best meets their needs. Physician assistants can we be a part of the answer as well. They are well trained, have the clinical skills, with a high level knowledge base, and be a part of the solution. The skills they bring to the table can help address the impending avalanche of patients. Not only are they cost effective with overall labor costs less than a physician, but can take the stress off of a physician needing to see a certain amount of patients per day, as to keep the productive practice (Bahrych 2011). Finally, a scholarship program for students committed to providing primary care in communities with doctor shortages should be implemented; the program can allow open residency slots to be utilized in areas with shortages. Grants and incentives should be established. Also initiatives should be in place to forgive student loan debt. I would also make the following recommendations for improvements that will increase the availability of specialty care through tele-health, bringing specialists to primary care sites, and using physician assistants to deliver specialty services; and also expand the role of primary care providers, physicians and nurse practitioners to handle more specialized health issues through consultations and ongoing training. References: Howard, Paul. (2013, July). Get Obama Care While Supplies Last. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2013/07/11/obamacare-doctors-medicaid-primary-care-column/2510199/ Tang N, Stein J, Hsia RY et al: Trends and characteristics and US emergency department visits, 1997 – 2007. JAMA 2010; 304: 664-670 Pear, Robert. US Moves to Cut Back Regulations on Hospitals, October 2011. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/19/health/policy/19health.html?_r=0 Bahrych, Sharon. Let Physician Assistances be Part of the Primary Care Answer, December 2011, Retrieved from

A Day From Drinking Contaminated Water - 2056 Words

Do you know how many people die a day from drinking contaminated water? What about the lives of children that are taken because of the lack of water they receive? Many lives everyday are taken for many different reasons. People die everyday that s nature, but it is different when the source we need to survive is one of the many reasons that people s lives are taken away everyday. This major issue around the world takes the lives of many. Contaminated water that people drink carries many waterborne diseases. People without access to water will do whatever to get drinking water to survive, but it’s what’s in the water that is the reason why people get so sick and die. We americans live with so much access to water that we don t really know what people in serious poor countries go through. Many countries such as in the middle east have a huge problem with how much water they have. In this area many people die because either they have no water or they drink contaminated wat er they could find no matter what s in it and get an illness from it. This issue has many negatives, but has little positives that can help this change. Water is a source that is used for many reasons, without it I don t know what we as a human race would do. People already don t have water and are dying from thirst. Dirty water is not something people think when you hear it. People in America think that dirty water is dirty or dust in a cup, but around the world many people suffer from dirty water. ItShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Contaminated Water On Human Life869 Words   |  4 PagesResearchers have been studying the causes and effects of contaminated water on human life. Water is to be considered a major and important resource on the planet, but it can also be a major health risk towards human life especially on young children. 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